Definition
An abstract is a summary of a property's entire title history showing all recorded documents affecting it. It's reviewed to determine whether title insurance can be issued.
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An abstract of title is a summary document prepared by the title company that lists all relevant deeds, mortgages, liens, and other recorded instruments affecting the property. Abstracts are more common in some regions and provide a comprehensive title history. The abstract is reviewed by an attorney or title company to determine insurability. While abstracts are less common in modern transactions (replaced by title insurance commitments), they're still used in some states and rural areas.
Pro Tip
In states requiring abstracts, have an attorney review before closing.
Example
The abstract of title was reviewed by the attorney to confirm no outstanding claims existed.