Definition
Pipes carrying wastewater and sewage away from fixtures to the main drain line and septic system or municipal sewer. Drain lines use gravity flow requiring proper slope for operation.
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Drain systems typically consist of 2-4 inch pipes with proper slope (1/8 inch per foot minimum) to enable gravity flow. Common materials include cast iron (older homes, durable but heavy), PVC (modern, economical), and Orangeburg (problematic, made of impregnated paper, prone to failure). Problems include tree root intrusion, clogs, breaks, and improper slope. Inspectors examine visible drain lines, test drainage, and may recommend camera inspection of main lines.
Pro Tip
If a home has had repeated drain clogs, request a sewer scope camera inspection.
Example
A home inspection included a sewer lateral camera inspection that revealed tree roots had penetrated the main drain line in three locations, severely restricting flow. Removal of roots by hydro-jetting provided temporary relief; eventual replacement of the compromised section would be necessary.